See animacy on Wiktionary
{
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂enh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_breath"
],
[
"*-mos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mos#Proto-Indo-European:_noun"
],
[
"*h₂enh₁mos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enh₁mos#Proto-Indo-European:_breath"
],
[
"*anamos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/anamos#Proto-Italic:_spirit"
],
[
"animus",
"animus#Latin:_life"
],
[
"anima",
"anima#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"animō",
"animo#Latin"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-eh₂tos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*-ātos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ātos#Proto-Italic:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ātus",
"-atus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"animātus",
"animatus#Latin:_participle"
],
[
"animat(e)",
"animate#Middle_English"
],
[
"animate",
"animate#English"
],
[
"-cy",
"-cy#English"
],
[
"animate",
"animate#English"
],
[
"-cy",
"-cy#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "animate",
"4": "-cy",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin animātusbor.\nMiddle English animat(e)\nEnglish animate\nEnglish -cy\nEnglish animacy\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"life\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"spirit\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"breath\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to breath\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂enh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂enh₁mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*anamos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"animus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"anima\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"animō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*-h₂<id:collective nouns><pos:suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender>\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"animātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"animate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"animate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-cy\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"animacy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"animacy\">\nFrom animate + -cy.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "animate",
"4": "-cy",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin animātusbor.\nMiddle English animat(e)\nEnglish animate\nEnglish -cy\nEnglish animacy\nFrom animate + -cy.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin animātusbor.\nMiddle English animat(e)\nEnglish animate\nEnglish -cy\nEnglish animacy\nFrom animate + -cy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "animacies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "animacy (usually uncountable, plural animacies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "animate"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "inanimate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "inanimacy"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "73 27",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries referencing missing etymons",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology texts",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "66 34",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "77 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "61 39",
"kind": "other",
"name": "English terms suffixed with -cy",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Entries with translation boxes",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "78 22",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using etymon with no ID",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "75 25",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymology trees",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with etymon",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Chinese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Czech translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Finnish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with French translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "85 15",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with German translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Korean translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Portuguese translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Russian translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "86 14",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Terms with Swedish translations",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
54
],
[
142,
149
]
],
"ref": "2011, Seppo Kittilä, Katja Västi, Jussi Ylikoski, Case, Animacy and Semantic Roles, page 6:",
"text": "These may differ radically in their linguistic animacy, as briefly discussed above, without this having any consequences for their biological animacy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being animate (alive or supernaturally seeming alive)."
],
"id": "en-animacy-en-noun-en:animateness",
"links": [
[
"animate",
"animate"
],
[
"alive",
"alive"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:animateness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "animateness"
},
{
"word": "animation"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"translations": [
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "oduševénost",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "одушеве́ност"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"word": "有生性"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"word": "生命度"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "životnost"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "elollisuus"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "animéité"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "animacité"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belebtheit"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "saengmyeongnyeok",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"word": "생명력"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "animacidade"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oduševljónnostʹ",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "одушевлённость"
},
{
"_dis1": "82 18",
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "animathet"
}
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"langcode": "en",
"name": "Linguistics",
"orig": "en:Linguistics",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"In some languages, the characteristic of a noun, dependent on its living or sentient nature, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.)."
],
"id": "en-animacy-en-noun-XIrfOmf2",
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"sentient",
"sentient"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"features",
"features"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"declension",
"declension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) In some languages, the characteristic of a noun, dependent on its living or sentient nature, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"word": "animacy"
}
{
"categories": [
"English countable nouns",
"English entries referencing missing etymons",
"English entries with etymology texts",
"English entries with etymology trees",
"English entries with etymon",
"English entries with incorrect language header",
"English lemmas",
"English nouns",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₂enh₁-",
"English terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European word *h₂enh₁mos",
"English terms suffixed with -cy",
"English uncountable nouns",
"Entries with translation boxes",
"Pages using etymon with no ID",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Pages with etymology trees",
"Pages with etymon",
"Terms with Bulgarian translations",
"Terms with Chinese translations",
"Terms with Czech translations",
"Terms with Finnish translations",
"Terms with French translations",
"Terms with German translations",
"Terms with Korean translations",
"Terms with Portuguese translations",
"Terms with Russian translations",
"Terms with Swedish translations"
],
"etymology_links": [
[
"*h₂enh₁-",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enh₁-#Proto-Indo-European:_to_breath"
],
[
"*-mos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-mos#Proto-Indo-European:_noun"
],
[
"*h₂enh₁mos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/h₂enh₁mos#Proto-Indo-European:_breath"
],
[
"*anamos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/anamos#Proto-Italic:_spirit"
],
[
"animus",
"animus#Latin:_life"
],
[
"anima",
"anima#Latin"
],
[
"*-h₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_intransitive_verbs"
],
[
"*-eh₂yéti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂yéti#Proto-Indo-European:_suf"
],
[
"*-h₂ti",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-h₂ti"
],
[
"*-āō",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-āō#Proto-Italic:_suf"
],
[
"-ō",
"-o#Latin:_denominative"
],
[
"animō",
"animo#Latin"
],
[
"*-éh₂",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-éh₂#Proto-Indo-European:_collective_nouns"
],
[
"*-tós",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-tós#Proto-Indo-European:_verbal_adjectives"
],
[
"*-eh₂tos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-eh₂tos#Proto-Indo-European:_adjectival"
],
[
"*-ātos",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Italic/-ātos#Proto-Italic:_forming_adjectives"
],
[
"-ātus",
"-atus#Latin:_adjective"
],
[
"animātus",
"animatus#Latin:_participle"
],
[
"animat(e)",
"animate#Middle_English"
],
[
"animate",
"animate#English"
],
[
"-cy",
"-cy#English"
],
[
"animate",
"animate#English"
],
[
"-cy",
"-cy#English"
]
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "animate",
"4": "-cy",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin animātusbor.\nMiddle English animat(e)\nEnglish animate\nEnglish -cy\nEnglish animacy\n[Appendix:Glossary#loanword|Borrowed]] from\", \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"participle\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"life\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"spirit\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"breath\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"to breath\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂enh₁-\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"noun\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*h₂enh₁mos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*anamos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"animus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"anima\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"denominative\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"alt\" : \"*-ājō\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"status\" : \"inline\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"suf\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\", \"pos\" : \"suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"intransitive verbs\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂yéti\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" }, { \"keyword_abbrev\" : \"influ.\", \"keyword_label\" : \"Influenced by\", \"terms\" : [ { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-h₂ti\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"influence\" } ], \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"keyword\" : \"from\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-āō\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ō\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"animō\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"la\" }, { \"id\" : \"adjective\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"forming adjectives\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"id\" : \"adjectival\", \"children\" : [ { \"terms\" : [ { \"is_duplicate\" : true, \"children\" : [ ], \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"status\" : { \"1\" : \"ine-pro\", \"2\" : \"*-h₂<id:collective nouns><pos:suffix originally used to form collective nouns, extended in Late PIE to also be a marker of feminine gender>\", \"id\" : \"collective nouns\", \"pos\" : \"suffix\" }, \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-éh₂\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" }, { \"id\" : \"verbal adjectives\", \"children\" : [ ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-tós\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Indo-European\", \"term\" : \"*-eh₂tos\", \"lang\" : \"ine-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"inline\", \"lang_name\" : \"Proto-Italic\", \"term\" : \"*-ātos\", \"lang\" : \"itc-pro\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"-ātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang_name\" : \"Latin\", \"term\" : \"animātus\", \"lang\" : \"la\" } ], \"keyword\" : \"bor\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"Middle English\", \"term\" : \"animate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"enm\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"Inherited from\", \"keyword\" : \"inherited\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"animate\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }, { \"children\" : [ ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"-cy\", \"status\" : \"missing\", \"lang\" : \"en\" } ], \"keyword_label\" : \"From\", \"is_group\" : true, \"keyword\" : \"affix\" } ], \"lang_name\" : \"English\", \"term\" : \"animacy\", \"status\" : \"ok\", \"lang\" : \"en\" }\" data-lang=\"en\" data-title=\"animacy\">\nFrom animate + -cy.",
"name": "ety"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": ":af",
"3": "animate",
"4": "-cy",
"text": "+",
"tree": "1"
},
"expansion": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin animātusbor.\nMiddle English animat(e)\nEnglish animate\nEnglish -cy\nEnglish animacy\nFrom animate + -cy.",
"name": "ety"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Etymology tree\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁-\nProto-Indo-European *-mos\nProto-Indo-European *h₂enh₁mos\nProto-Italic *anamos\nLatin animus\nLatin anima\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂yéti\nProto-Indo-European *-h₂tiinflu.\nProto-Italic *-ājō\nProto-Italic *-āō\nLatin -ō\nLatin animō\n▲\nProto-Indo-European *-éh₂\nProto-Indo-European *-tós\nProto-Indo-European *-eh₂tos\nProto-Italic *-ātos\nLatin -ātus\nLatin animātusbor.\nMiddle English animat(e)\nEnglish animate\nEnglish -cy\nEnglish animacy\nFrom animate + -cy.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "animacies",
"tags": [
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-",
"2": "+"
},
"expansion": "animacy (usually uncountable, plural animacies)",
"name": "en-noun"
}
],
"lang": "English",
"lang_code": "en",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "animate"
},
{
"word": "inanimate"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "inanimacy"
}
],
"categories": [
"English terms with quotations"
],
"examples": [
{
"bold_text_offsets": [
[
47,
54
],
[
142,
149
]
],
"ref": "2011, Seppo Kittilä, Katja Västi, Jussi Ylikoski, Case, Animacy and Semantic Roles, page 6:",
"text": "These may differ radically in their linguistic animacy, as briefly discussed above, without this having any consequences for their biological animacy.",
"type": "quotation"
}
],
"glosses": [
"The state of being animate (alive or supernaturally seeming alive)."
],
"links": [
[
"animate",
"animate"
],
[
"alive",
"alive"
],
[
"supernatural",
"supernatural"
]
],
"senseid": [
"en:animateness"
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "animateness"
},
{
"word": "animation"
}
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"en:Linguistics"
],
"glosses": [
"In some languages, the characteristic of a noun, dependent on its living or sentient nature, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.)."
],
"links": [
[
"linguistics",
"linguistics"
],
[
"noun",
"noun"
],
[
"living",
"living"
],
[
"sentient",
"sentient"
],
[
"grammatical",
"grammatical"
],
[
"features",
"features"
],
[
"verb",
"verb"
],
[
"declension",
"declension"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(linguistics) In some languages, the characteristic of a noun, dependent on its living or sentient nature, which affects grammatical features (it can modify verbs used with the noun, affect the noun's declension, etc.)."
],
"tags": [
"uncountable",
"usually"
],
"topics": [
"human-sciences",
"linguistics",
"sciences"
]
}
],
"translations": [
{
"code": "bg",
"lang": "Bulgarian",
"lang_code": "bg",
"roman": "oduševénost",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "одушеве́ност"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"word": "有生性"
},
{
"code": "zh",
"lang": "Chinese",
"lang_code": "zh",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"word": "生命度"
},
{
"code": "cs",
"lang": "Czech",
"lang_code": "cs",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "životnost"
},
{
"code": "fi",
"lang": "Finnish",
"lang_code": "fi",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"singular"
],
"word": "elollisuus"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "animéité"
},
{
"code": "fr",
"lang": "French",
"lang_code": "fr",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "animacité"
},
{
"code": "de",
"lang": "German",
"lang_code": "de",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "Belebtheit"
},
{
"code": "ko",
"lang": "Korean",
"lang_code": "ko",
"roman": "saengmyeongnyeok",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"word": "생명력"
},
{
"code": "pt",
"lang": "Portuguese",
"lang_code": "pt",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "animacidade"
},
{
"code": "ru",
"lang": "Russian",
"lang_code": "ru",
"roman": "oduševljónnostʹ",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"feminine"
],
"word": "одушевлённость"
},
{
"code": "sv",
"lang": "Swedish",
"lang_code": "sv",
"sense": "quality of being animate",
"tags": [
"common-gender"
],
"word": "animathet"
}
],
"word": "animacy"
}
Download raw JSONL data for animacy meaning in All languages combined (13.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2026-10-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2026-10-01 using wiktextract (c1bb342 and 6f96ddf). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.